THE PROBLEM OF "ZERO ELEMENTS" IN THE WORKS OF D. I. MENDELEEV. NEUTRON MATTER AS A PRIMARY COSMOLOGICAL AND MODERN DARK MATTER OF THE UNIVERSE

Анотація

D.I. Mendeleev assumed the existence of
elements X ("Newtonium") and Y ("Coronium") in front
of hydrogen in the zero group of the periodic system of
chemical elements (PS). It should be recalled that
Mendeleev was not mistaken in his predictions of new
elements. When he applied the periodic law (PL) to
analogues of boron, aluminum and silicon, he had
complete confidence in success, because everything was
obvious to him there. The idea of elements before
hydrogen came to him immediately after the opening of
the PL, but he published this only before his death. This
question haunted him almost his entire creative life.
D.I.Mendeleev did not have time to solve this problem,
and his students and followers tried to forget it as
“erroneous”. It should be noted that after D.I.Mendeleev
the question of “zero” elements was repeatedly raised by
many authors both in the past and in the present centuries,
however, for brevity, we only mention the very first and
most famous of them: for example, Ernest Rutherford in
1920 and Andreas von Anthropoff in 1926. Anthropoff
was the first to propose the term "neutronium" to refer to a
hypothetical element with atomic number zero, which he
placed at the beginning of the periodic table (PT). At
present, neutron matter, like neutron stars, is a recognized
reality in astro- and nuclear physics. From the standpoint
of general chemistry, a neutron substance can be classified
as chemically simple (that is, it cannot be decomposed
into simpler ones by chemical means), then the question
inevitably arises of the corresponding element and its
place in the PS. Based on the logic of the PL – (ordinal
number – electric charge) – the ordinal number of neutron
matter will correspond to zero, which makes us remember
and develop the ideas of Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleev
about the zero group and period. Based on the works of
Tamm, Hund and Migdal, the possibility of the stable
existence of neutron matter at the micro level, and not
only at the macro level, as is now believed in astrophysics,
is stated. Neutron matter is considered as the primary
cosmological substance, a candidate for dark matter and
its production in laboratory conditions on Earth.